[ { "id": "W2019", "first_author": "Worthington HV", "title": "Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD012018.pub2", "pmid": "30968949", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "flossing", "n": "35 trials, 3,929 adults", "duration": "4 weeks to 6 months", "funding_statement": "\"Internal sources: School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, UK. External sources: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. This project was supported by the NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the review authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Systematic Reviews Programme, the NIHR, the NHS or the Department of Health. Cochrane Oral Health Global Alliance, Other. The production of Cochrane Oral Health reviews has been supported financially by our Global Alliance since 2011 (oralhealth.cochrane.org/partnerships-alliances). Contributors over the past year have been the American Association of Public Health Dentistry, USA; AS-Akademie, Germany; the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, UK; the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, UK; the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association, Canada; the Centre for Dental Education and Research at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; the National Center for Dental Hygiene Research & Practice, USA; New York University College of Dentistry, USA; and the Swiss Society for Endodontology, Switzerland.\"", "competing_interests": "\"Helen Worthington: none known. Co-ordinating Editor of Cochrane Oral Health. Author on one included study (assessed by other review authors). Laura MacDonald: none known. Managing Editor with Cochrane Oral Health. Tina Poklepovic Pericic: none known. Dario Sambunjak: none known. Trevor Johnson: none known. Editor with Cochrane Oral Health. Pauline Imai: none known. Author on one included study (assessed by other review authors). Jan Clarkson: none known. Co-ordinating Editor of Cochrane Oral Health.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-water-flossers-work.html", "/how-often-should-you-floss.html", "/what-the-flossing-evidence-actually-measured.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6953268/" }, { "id": "Y2014", "first_author": "Yaacob M", "title": "Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD002281.pub3", "pmid": "24934383", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "electric toothbrush", "n": "56 trials, 5,068 participants", "duration": "1 to 3 months and longer", "funding_statement": "\"Internal sources: School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, UK. School of Dentistry, The University of Birmingham, UK. Edinburgh Dental Institute, UK. University of Sheffield, School of Dentistry, UK. MAHSC, UK. The Cochrane Oral Health Group is supported by the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC) and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. External sources: Cochrane Oral Health Group Global Alliance, UK. All reviews in the Cochrane Oral Health Group are supported by Global Alliance member organisations (British Association of Oral Surgeons, UK; British Orthodontic Society, UK; British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, UK; British Society of Periodontology, UK; Canadian Dental Hygienists Association, Canada; Mayo Clinic, USA; National Center for Dental Hygiene Research & Practice, USA; New York University College of Dentistry, USA; and Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, UK) providing funding for the editorial process (http://ohg.cochrane.org/). National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. CRG funding acknowledgement: The NIHR is the largest single funder of the Cochrane Oral Health Group. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health.\"", "competing_interests": "\"Bill Shaw and Helen Worthington were co-researchers on a randomised controlled trial sponsored by Braun AG (Clerehugh 1998) through a grant to The University of Manchester. Damien Walmsley was a consultant and undertook laboratory trials of powered toothbrushes sponsored by Braun AG through a grant to the University of Birmingham.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIHR and the Cochrane Oral Health Group Global Alliance", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/electric-vs-manual-toothbrush.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7133541/" }, { "id": "R2015", "first_author": "Riley P", "title": "Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD010743.pub2", "pmid": "25809586", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "xylitol", "n": "10 studies, 5,903 participants", "duration": "varied; the toothpaste trials ran about 3 years", "funding_statement": "\"Internal sources: The University of Manchester, UK. Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), UK. The Cochrane Oral Health Group is supported by MAHSC and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. External sources: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. The NIHR is the largest single funder of the Cochrane Oral Health Group. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health. Cochrane Oral Health Group Global Alliance, Other. The production of all our reviews is assisted by funding from our Global Alliance partners (http://ohg.cochrane.org/): British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, UK; British Association of Oral Surgeons, UK; British Orthodontic Society, UK; British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, UK; British Society of Periodontology, UK; Canadian Dental Hygienists Association, Canada; Mayo Clinic, USA; National Center for Dental Hygiene Research & Practice, USA; New York University College of Dentistry, USA; and Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, UK.\"", "competing_interests": "\"There are no financial conflicts of interest and the review authors declare that they do not have any associations with any parties who may have vested interests in the results of this review.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIHR and the Cochrane Oral Health Group Global Alliance", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/can-teeth-remineralise.html", "/xylitol-for-teeth.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9345289/" }, { "id": "O2006", "first_author": "Outhouse TL", "title": "Tongue scraping for treating halitosis", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2006, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD005519.pub2", "pmid": "16625641", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "tongue scraping", "n": "2 trials, 40 participants", "duration": "single sessions; withdrawn by Cochrane in 2016", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/tongue-scraping.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005519.pub2" }, { "id": "F2020", "first_author": "Fee PA", "title": "Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD004346.pub5", "pmid": "33053198", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "recall interval", "n": "2 trials, 1,736 participants", "duration": "2 to 4 years", "funding_statement": "\"Internal sources: School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, UK. Scottish Executive, UK. University College Cork, Ireland. MAHSC, UK. Cochrane Oral Health is supported by the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC) and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. External sources: Cochrane Fellowship - Health Research Board, Ireland. Department of Health Cochrane Review Incentive Scheme, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. This project was supported by the NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Evidence Synthesis Programme, the NIHR, NHS, or the Department of Health and Social Care. Cochrane Oral Health Group Global Alliance, UK. The production of Cochrane Oral Health reviews has been supported financially by our Global Alliance since 2011 (oralhealth.cochrane.org/partnerships-alliances). Contributors in the last two years have been the American Association of Public Health Dentistry, USA; AS-Akademie, Germany; the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, UK; the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, UK; the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association, Canada; the Centre for Dental Education and Research at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; the National Center for Dental Hygiene Research & Practice, USA; New York University College of Dentistry, USA; and Swiss Society of Endodontology, Switzerland.\"", "competing_interests": "\"PF: was involved with one of the included studies (INTERVAL 2020), but was not involved with the data extraction from this study or assessment of its risk of bias for this review. PR: no interests to declare. HW: was involved with one of the included studies (INTERVAL 2020), but was not involved with the data extraction from this study or assessment of its risk of bias for this review. Professor Worthington is a Co-ordinating Editor with Cochrane Oral Health. JC: was involved with one of the included studies (INTERVAL 2020), but was not involved with the data extraction from this study or assessment of its risk of bias for this review. Professor Clarkson is a Co-ordinating Editor with Cochrane Oral Health. DB: was involved with one of the included studies (INTERVAL 2020), but was not involved with the data extraction from this study or assessment of its risk of bias for this review. PB: no interests to declare.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/what-a-dental-cleaning-does.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8256238/" }, { "id": "C2020", "first_author": "Clarkson JE", "title": "Risk-based, 6-monthly and 24-monthly dental check-ups for adults: the INTERVAL three-arm RCT", "journal": "Health Technol Assess", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3310/hta24600", "pmid": "33215986", "design": "RCT", "topic": "recall interval", "n": "2,372 adults", "duration": "4 years", "funding_statement": "\"This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme [project numbers 06/35/05 (Phase I) and 06/35/99 (Phase II)] and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 60. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.\"", "competing_interests": "\"Nigel B Pitts consults for Colgate (Colgate-Palmolive Company, New York, NY, USA) and GlaxoSmithKline plc (Brentford, UK) (toothpaste manufacturers) and was also a co-applicant on the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Improving the Quality of Dentistry trial of dental scale and polish. Craig R Ramsay is a member of the NIHR HTA General Board. John DT Norrie reports grants from the University of Aberdeen and grants from the University of Edinburgh during the conduct of the study, and declares membership of the following NIHR boards: CPR decision making committee, HTA Commissioning Board, HTA Commissioning Sub-Board (Expression of Interest), HTA Funding Boards Policy Group, HTA General Board, HTA Post-Board funding teleconference, NIHR Clinical Trials Unit Standing Advisory Committee, NIHR HTA and Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Editorial Board and the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Impact Review Panel. Gail Douglas reports that she is employed full time by the University of Leeds; 1 day of her time is bought out by Public Health England to assist with academic input to the dental epidemiology programme for England. She is also currently President of the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, a professional organisation principally for those working in the field of dental public health or allied areas.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/what-a-dental-cleaning-does.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564221/" }, { "id": "J2017", "first_author": "James P", "title": "Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD008676.pub2", "pmid": "28362061", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "mouthwash", "n": "51 studies, 5,345 participants", "duration": "4 weeks to 6 months", "funding_statement": "\"Internal sources: Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK. External sources: Health Research Board Cochrane Fellowship Scheme, Ireland. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. This project was supported by the NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the review authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Systematic Reviews Programme, the NIHR, the NHS or the Department of Health. Cochrane Oral Health Global Alliance, Other. The production of Cochrane Oral Health reviews has been supported financially by our Global Alliance since 2011 (oralhealth.cochrane.org/partnerships-alliances). Contributors over the past year have been the American Association of Public Health Dentistry, USA; the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, UK; the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, UK; the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association, Canada; the Centre for Dental Education and Research at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; the National Center for Dental Hygiene Research & Practice, USA; New York University College of Dentistry, USA; and NHS Education for Scotland, UK.\"", "competing_interests": "\"As former Director of the Oral Health Services Research Centre, Cork, Helen Whelton has conducted clinical trials of products for GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and she received consultancy fees in relation to this research. Mairead Harding (Deputy Director of the Oral Health Services Research Centre) was involved in the development of educational materials with regard to tooth wear/dental erosion and has conducted epidemiological studies and presented the findings on tooth wear and dental erosion at conferences. Fees received from GlaxoSmithKline for this work were paid to the Oral Health Services Research Centre, Cork and not to Mairead Harding. Philip Riley is a salaried member of the Cochrane Oral Health editorial team. Editorial control of the review and final decisions about the content of the review were maintained by Helen Worthington who is Co-ordinating Editor of Cochrane Oral Health. The remaining co-authors declare no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health; Health Research Board, Ireland", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/is-mouthwash-bad-for-you.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6464488/" }, { "id": "JY2002", "first_author": "Jin Y", "title": "Supragingival calculus: formation and control", "journal": "Crit Rev Oral Biol Med", "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1177/154411130201300506", "pmid": "12393761", "design": "narrative review", "topic": "calculus", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/48-hours.html", "/plaque-vs-tartar.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130201300506" }, { "id": "I2018", "first_author": "Invernici MM", "title": "Effects of Bifidobacterium probiotic on the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial", "journal": "J Clin Periodontol", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1111/jcpe.12995", "pmid": "30076613", "design": "RCT", "topic": "probiotics", "n": "41 patients", "duration": "90 days", "funding_statement": "\"The study was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - process #480982/2013-9) awarded to Michel R. Messora. DuPont de Nemours & Co. Danisco Sweeteners Oy (Kantvik, Finland) donated the probiotics.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors have stated explicitly that there are no conflict of interests in connection with this article.\"", "funder_type": "mixed", "funder_name": "CNPq (grant); DuPont Danisco (donated the probiotics)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/checking-supplement-science.html", "/do-oral-probiotics-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6221043/" }, { "id": "H1999", "first_author": "Hujoel PP", "title": "The optimum time to initiate habitual xylitol gum-chewing for obtaining long-term caries prevention", "journal": "J Dent Res", "year": 1999, "doi": "10.1177/00220345990780031301", "pmid": "10096456", "design": "cohort", "topic": "xylitol", "n": "288 children re-examined", "duration": "5 years after a 2-year gum programme", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/xylitol-for-teeth.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345990780031301" }, { "id": "P2021", "first_author": "Paszynska E", "title": "Impact of a toothpaste with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite on the occurrence of early childhood caries: a 1-year randomized clinical trial", "journal": "Sci Rep", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-81112-y", "pmid": "33514787", "design": "non-inferiority RCT", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "207 children", "duration": "336 days", "funding_statement": "\"This study was funded by Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany. The funders had no role in recruiting, conduction of the study, data collection, and statistical analysis.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interest.\"", "funder_type": "manufacturer", "funder_name": "Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/hydroxyapatite-vs-fluoride-for-kids.html", "/nano-vs-micro-hydroxyapatite.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7846568/" }, { "id": "P2023", "first_author": "Paszynska E", "title": "Caries-preventing effect of a hydroxyapatite-toothpaste in adults: a 18-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial", "journal": "Front Public Health", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199728", "pmid": "37533523", "design": "non-inferiority RCT", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "189 adults", "duration": "18 months", "funding_statement": "\"This research was funded by Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany, and both universities, the Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznan and the Medical University in Bialystok, Poland.\"", "competing_interests": "\"JE, FM, and ESc are employees of Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH and Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "manufacturer", "funder_name": "Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, with two universities", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/hydroxyapatite-toothpaste.html", "/nano-vs-micro-hydroxyapatite.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10393266/" }, { "id": "S2019", "first_author": "Schlagenhauf U", "title": "Impact of a non-fluoridated microcrystalline hydroxyapatite dentifrice on enamel caries progression in highly caries-susceptible orthodontic patients: a randomized, controlled 6-month trial", "journal": "J Investig Clin Dent", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1111/jicd.12399", "pmid": "30701704", "design": "RCT", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "147 orthodontic patients", "duration": "6 months", "funding_statement": "\"The study was exclusively funded by Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany\"", "competing_interests": "No statement in the paper", "funder_type": "manufacturer", "funder_name": "Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/nano-vs-micro-hydroxyapatite.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6590169/" }, { "id": "A2019", "first_author": "Amaechi BT", "title": "Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children", "journal": "BDJ Open", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41405-019-0026-8", "pmid": "31839988", "design": "in situ", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "30 adults", "duration": "14 days per arm", "funding_statement": "No funding statement in the paper", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "competing-interests statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/hydroxyapatite-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6901576/" }, { "id": "PW2024", "first_author": "Pawinska M", "title": "Clinical evidence of caries prevention by hydroxyapatite: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105429", "pmid": "39471896", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "5 clinical and 8 in situ trials", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/hydroxyapatite-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105429" }, { "id": "SCCS2025", "first_author": "Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety", "title": "Opinion on hydroxyapatite (nano), submission IV, SCCS/1677/25", "journal": "European Commission", "year": 2025, "doi": "", "pmid": "", "design": "guideline", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Public body — not applicable", "competing_interests": "Public body — not applicable", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "European Commission (SCCS)", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/is-hydroxyapatite-toothpaste-safe-to-swallow.html", "/nano-vs-micro-hydroxyapatite.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/sccs-scientific-opinion-hydroxyapatite-nano-submission-iv_en", "url": "https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/sccs-scientific-opinion-hydroxyapatite-nano-submission-iv_en" }, { "id": "DBOH", "first_author": "Office for Health Improvement and Disparities", "title": "Delivering better oral health: an evidence-based toolkit for prevention", "journal": "gov.uk", "year": 2021, "doi": "", "pmid": "", "design": "guideline", "topic": "fluoride", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Public body — not applicable", "competing_interests": "Public body — not applicable", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (UK government)", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-whitening-strips-damage-enamel.html", "/hydroxyapatite-vs-fluoride-for-kids.html", "/is-hydroxyapatite-toothpaste-safe-to-swallow.html", "/sensitive-teeth-causes.html", "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html", "/toothpaste-ingredient-decoder.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention" }, { "id": "NICE19", "first_author": "NICE", "title": "Dental checks: intervals between oral health reviews (CG19) and 2020 surveillance decision", "journal": "NICE", "year": 2020, "doi": "", "pmid": "", "design": "guideline", "topic": "recall interval", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Public body — not applicable", "competing_interests": "Public body — not applicable", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NICE", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/what-a-dental-cleaning-does.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg19", "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg19" }, { "id": "FTC2022", "first_author": "Federal Trade Commission", "title": "Health Products Compliance Guidance", "journal": "FTC", "year": 2022, "doi": "", "pmid": "", "design": "guideline", "topic": "health claims", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Public body — not applicable", "competing_interests": "Public body — not applicable", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Federal Trade Commission", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/reference-checker.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/health-products-compliance-guidance", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/health-products-compliance-guidance" }, { "id": "OP2024", "first_author": "Jong FJX", "title": "The effect of oil pulling in comparison with chlorhexidine and other mouthwash interventions in promoting oral health: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "Int J Dent Hyg", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/idh.12725", "pmid": "37635453", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "oil pulling", "n": "25 trials, 1,184 participants", "duration": "7 to 45 days", "funding_statement": "\"The authors declare no funds or financial support.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/oil-pulling-does-it-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/idh.12725" }, { "id": "OP2022", "first_author": "Peng TR", "title": "Effectiveness of oil pulling for improving oral health: a meta-analysis", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/healthcare10101991", "pmid": "36292438", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "oil pulling", "n": "9 RCTs", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Funding: \"This research received no external funding.\" Acknowledgments: \"This study was supported by grants from the Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (TCRD-TPE-111-54).\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital (per the acknowledgements)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/oil-pulling-does-it-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9602184/" }, { "id": "DT2020", "first_author": "Hong DW", "title": "Does delayed toothbrushing after the consumption of erosive foodstuffs or beverages decrease erosive tooth wear? A systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s00784-020-03614-9", "pmid": "33052542", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "erosion", "n": "12 in situ and in vitro studies", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"This study was partially supported by the Guiding Project for Science and Technology of Fujian Province (2018Y0029), and the Joint Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Fujian Province (2019Y9030).\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Fujian Province science and technology funds", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/enamel-erosion-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-020-03614-9" }, { "id": "VL2019", "first_author": "van Loveren C", "title": "Sugar restriction for caries prevention: amount and frequency. Which is more important?", "journal": "Caries Res", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1159/000489571", "pmid": "30089285", "design": "narrative review", "topic": "sugar", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "No funding statement in the paper", "competing_interests": "\"The author declares no conflicts of interest.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "competing-interests statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/can-teeth-remineralise.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6425816/" }, { "id": "SUG2026", "first_author": "Pombo-Lopes J", "title": "Impact of sugar consumption on dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review of frequency versus quantity", "journal": "BMC Public Health", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1186/s12889-026-27780-9", "pmid": "42174517", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "sugar", "n": "37 studies, 59,383 participants", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"This work was supported by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. by project reference UID/4585/2025 and DOI identifier https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04585/2025.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/can-teeth-remineralise.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-026-27780-9" }, { "id": "DH2025", "first_author": "Wang G", "title": "Survey methods contributing to the difference of dentin hypersensitivity prevalence among publications between 1998 and 2022: a research-on-research study", "journal": "BMC Oral Health", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1186/s12903-025-06143-7", "pmid": "40462051", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "39 prevalence studies", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"We would like to thank the support from Sichuan University and Luzhou government (2018 Sichuan University-Luzhou Municipal Government Strategic Cooperation Research (2018CDLZ-12)).\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Sichuan University and Luzhou government", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12135246/" }, { "id": "TS2021", "first_author": "Yamashita K", "title": "Changes in tonsillolith characteristics detected in a follow-up CT study", "journal": "BMC Oral Health", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1186/s12903-021-01426-1", "pmid": "33593358", "design": "cohort", "topic": "tonsil stones", "n": "326 CT scan pairs", "duration": "follow-up CT examinations", "funding_statement": "\"This study received no funding with respect to study design; the collection, analysis and interpretation of subject's data; or writing the manuscript.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/bad-breath-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7885470/" }, { "id": "EG2025", "first_author": "Jamjoom AG", "title": "Systematic Review of Experimental Gingivitis Induction Methods: Methodological Variations and Their Impact on Inflammation Progression", "journal": "Patient Prefer Adherence", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.2147/PPA.S564132", "pmid": "41356137", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "gingivitis", "n": "10 studies", "duration": "induction periods of 9 to 28 days", "funding_statement": "\"This research received no external funding.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/gum-disease-signs.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12681284/" }, { "id": "VISTA2025", "first_author": "Zhu Q", "title": "Clinical efficacy of vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) for the treatment of gingival recession: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "BMC Oral Health", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1186/s12903-025-06913-3", "pmid": "41023655", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "recession", "n": "14 studies, 226 patients", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"Effect of non-impacted third molars on the periodontal health of adjacent teeth.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "Named as a project title only — funder not stated", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/receding-gums-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12482069/" }, { "id": "PA2019", "first_author": "Haas AN", "title": "Occurrence and predictors of gingivitis and supragingival calculus in a population of Brazilian adults", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0036", "pmid": "31141035", "design": "cross-sectional", "topic": "calculus", "n": "758 adults aged 35 to 59", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "No funding statement in the paper", "competing_interests": "\"The authors certify that they have no commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "competing-interests statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/48-hours.html", "/plaque-vs-tartar.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://www.scielo.br/j/bor/a/wnfWKyqkQ3h7yDbkxR7ywDf/?lang=en" }, { "id": "PB2024", "first_author": "Mayta-Tovalino F", "title": "Efficacy of Probiotic Consumption on Oral Outcomes in Children and/or Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis", "journal": "Int Dent J", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.013", "pmid": "39025745", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "probiotics", "n": "19 RCTs, 2,622 children and adolescents", "duration": "0.2 months and longer", "funding_statement": "\"This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-oral-probiotics-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11551580/" }, { "id": "PH2025", "first_author": "Yang Y", "title": "Efficacy and safety of probiotic therapy for halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", "journal": "J Breath Res", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1088/1752-7163/ae23f0", "pmid": "41289613", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "probiotics", "n": "10 studies", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-oral-probiotics-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1752-7163/ae23f0" }, { "id": "G2013", "first_author": "Goyal CR", "title": "Evaluation of the plaque removal efficacy of a water flosser compared to string floss in adults after a single use", "journal": "J Clin Dent", "year": 2013, "doi": "", "pmid": "24282867", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "70 adults", "duration": "single use", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "BioSci Research Canada Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24282867/", "used_on": [ "/do-water-flossers-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24282867/" }, { "id": "G2018", "first_author": "Goyal CR", "title": "Evaluation of the addition of a water flosser to manual brushing on gingival health", "journal": "J Clin Dent", "year": 2018, "doi": "", "pmid": "30942963", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "72 adults", "duration": "4 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "manufacturer-employed authors", "funder_name": "Water Pik, Inc.", "funder_type_basis": "affiliation (PubMed)", "affiliations_readable": "All Sum Research Center, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. | All Sum Research Center, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. | Reinhard Schuller Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. | Water Pik, Inc., Fort Collins, CO., USA.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30942963/", "used_on": [ "/do-water-flossers-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30942963/" }, { "id": "SH2008", "first_author": "Sharma NC", "title": "Effect of a dental water jet with orthodontic tip on plaque and bleeding in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances", "journal": "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.12.008", "pmid": "18405821", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "106 adolescents", "duration": "4 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "BioSci Research Canada Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18405821/", "used_on": [ "/do-water-flossers-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.12.008" }, { "id": "ML2025", "first_author": "Mancinelli-Lyle D", "title": "Efficacy of a water flosser compared to an interdental brush on gingival bleeding and gingival abrasion: a 4 week randomized controlled trial", "journal": "Int J Dent Hyg", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/idh.12817", "pmid": "38997790", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "78 adults", "duration": "4 weeks", "funding_statement": "\"The first author, Mancinelli-Lyle, was an employee of Water Pik, Inc. when the study was conducted. Van der Weijden is the owner of Jardin B.V., which is the former owner of www.ragershop.com (a webshop for various brands of interdental brushes). The study was performed by the Department of Periodontology of ACTA with a commission from ACTA Dental Research B.V. In turn ACTA Research B.V. received financial support from Water Pik, Inc. Fort Collins, CO. USA, Water Pik, Inc. Fort Collins, CO. USA provided the study products. The research team at ACTA of Slot and van der Weijden has previously received either external advisor fees, lecturer fees or research grants from oral health care manufacturers. Those manufacturers included Colgate, Dentaid, GABA, Lactona, Oral-B, Philips, Procter & Gamble, Sara Lee, Sunstar, TePe, Unilever & Water Pik.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.\"", "funder_type": "manufacturer-employed authors", "funder_name": "Water Pik, Inc.", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-water-flossers-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-15", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11717974/" }, { "id": "D2010", "first_author": "Dewhirst FE", "title": "The human oral microbiome", "journal": "J Bacteriol", "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1128/JB.00542-10", "pmid": "20656903", "design": "narrative review", "topic": "microbiome", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Acknowledgments: \"This work has been supported in part by contract U01 DE016937 and grants DE015847 and DE017106 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and a supplement to grant DE016937 from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.\"", "competing_interests": "No statement in the paper", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (per the acknowledgments)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/oral-microbiome.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2944498/" }, { "id": "B2007", "first_author": "Brown CJ", "title": "The erosive potential of flavoured sparkling water drinks", "journal": "Int J Paediatr Dent", "year": 2007, "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-263X.2006.00784.x", "pmid": "17263857", "design": "laboratory", "topic": "erosion", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17263857/", "used_on": [ "/enamel-erosion-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2006.00784.x" }, { "id": "WG2013", "first_author": "Wiegand A", "title": "Brushing force of manual and sonic toothbrushes affects dental hard tissue abrasion", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1007/s00784-012-0788-z", "pmid": "22791283", "design": "laboratory", "topic": "electric toothbrush", "n": "27 volunteers (brushing force); specimens (abrasion)", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Acknowledgements: \"The authors wish to thank all volunteers for their participation in the study. We also thank the companies Biomed AG, Switzerland and Procter & Gamble GmbH, Germany, for providing the toothbrushes.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated (Biomed AG and Procter & Gamble provided the toothbrushes, per the acknowledgements)", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/electric-vs-manual-toothbrush.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-012-0788-z" }, { "id": "EHJ2024", "first_author": "Witkowski M", "title": "Xylitol is prothrombotic and associated with cardiovascular risk", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1093/eurheartj/ehae244", "pmid": "38842092", "design": "cohort", "topic": "xylitol", "n": "3,306 patients (discovery and validation cohorts); 10 healthy volunteers (xylitol ingestion)", "duration": "3-year follow-up", "funding_statement": "\"This work is supported by grants from the NIH and Office of Dietary Supplements (P01 HL147823, R01 HL103866), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WI 5229/1-1), and the Deutsche Stifterverband (S0199/10098/2023).\"", "competing_interests": "\"S.L.H. and Z.W. report being named as co-inventors on pending and issued patents held by the Cleveland Clinic relating to cardiovascular diagnostics and therapeutics. S.L.H. and Z.W. also report having received royalty payments for inventions or discoveries related to cardiovascular diagnostics or therapeutics from Cleveland Heart Lab, a fully owned subsidiary of Quest Diagnostics, and Procter & Gamble. S.L.H. is a paid consultant for Zehna Therapeutics and formerly for Proctor & Gamble; has received research funds from Zehna Therapeutics, Proctor & Gamble, Pfizer, and Roche Diagnostics; and is eligible to receive royalty payments for inventions or discoveries related to cardiovascular diagnostics and therapeutics from Zehna Therapeutics. W.H.W.T. reports being a consultant for Sequana Medical A.G., Owkin Inc., Relypsa Inc., and PreCardiac Inc. and having received honorarium from Springer Nature for authorship/editorship and American Board of Internal Medicine for exam writing committee participation—all unrelated to the subject and contents of this paper. The other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIH and Office of Dietary Supplements; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Deutsche Stifterverband", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/xylitol-for-teeth.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11492277/" }, { "id": "EHJL1", "first_author": "Valentine GC", "title": "Oral health benefits and safety of xylitol and potential cardiovascular risk: questioning the validity of the model of Witkowski et al.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf058", "pmid": "40067657", "design": "letter", "topic": "xylitol", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"G.C.V. is supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (K23 HD105929).\"", "competing_interests": "\"All authors declare no disclosure of interest for this contribution.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "National Institutes of Health (one author’s grant)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/xylitol-for-teeth.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12257477/" }, { "id": "EHJL2", "first_author": "Wölnerhanssen BK", "title": "Xylitol exposure and cardiovascular risk", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/eurheartj/ehae730", "pmid": "39565331", "design": "letter", "topic": "xylitol", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "No funding statement in the paper", "competing_interests": "\"B.K.W. and A.C.M.-G.: nothing to declare. A.A.: founder and major shareholder of CoreQuest and Iperboreal Pharma.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/xylitol-for-teeth.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11735080/" }, { "id": "EAPD2024", "first_author": "Pienihäkkinen K", "title": "The effect of xylitol chewing gums and candies on caries occurrence in children: a systematic review with special reference to caries level at study baseline", "journal": "Eur Arch Paediatr Dent", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s40368-024-00875-w", "pmid": "38430364", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "xylitol", "n": "15 articles; ten gum studies", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"Open Access funding provided by University of Turku (including Turku University Central Hospital).\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors report no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "University of Turku (open-access fee)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/xylitol-for-teeth.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11058973/" }, { "id": "OP2016", "first_author": "Gbinigie O", "title": "Effect of oil pulling in promoting oro dental hygiene: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials", "journal": "Complement Ther Med", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.011", "pmid": "27261981", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "oil pulling", "n": "5 trials, 160 participants", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261981/", "used_on": [ "/oil-pulling-does-it-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.011" }, { "id": "OP2020", "first_author": "Woolley J", "title": "The effect of oil pulling with coconut oil to improve dental hygiene and oral health: a systematic review", "journal": "Heliyon", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04789", "pmid": "32923724", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "oil pulling", "n": "4 trials, 182 participants", "duration": "7 to 30 days", "funding_statement": "\"This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/oil-pulling-does-it-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7475120/" }, { "id": "CHOI2021", "first_author": "Choi HN", "title": "The effect of mechanical tongue cleaning on oral malodor and tongue coating", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph19010108", "pmid": "35010368", "design": "RCT", "topic": "tongue scraping", "n": "three groups: toothbrush, scraper, both", "duration": "single session", "funding_statement": "\"This research received no external funding.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/tongue-scraping.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8751028/" }, { "id": "DUD2021", "first_author": "Dudzik A", "title": "Efficacy of a zinc lactate mouthwash and tongue scraping in the reduction of intra-oral halitosis: a single-blind, controlled, crossover clinical trial — a pilot study", "journal": "J Clin Med", "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/jcm10235532", "pmid": "34884234", "design": "RCT", "topic": "tongue scraping", "n": "60 volunteers", "duration": "two 14-day protocols", "funding_statement": "\"This research received no external funding.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/tongue-scraping.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8658071/" }, { "id": "EBD2019", "first_author": "Gallie A", "title": "Home use of interdental cleaning devices and toothbrushing and their role in disease prevention", "journal": "Evid Based Dent", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41432-019-0069-7", "pmid": "31863041", "design": "commentary", "topic": "flossing", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "King’s College London, London, UK.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31863041/", "used_on": [ "/what-the-flossing-evidence-actually-measured.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41432-019-0069-7" }, { "id": "EBD2024", "first_author": "Ramasubbu D", "title": "Do chewing gums and sweets containing xylitol prevent caries in children?", "journal": "Evid Based Dent", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41432-024-01018-2", "pmid": "38796554", "design": "commentary", "topic": "xylitol", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"Open Access funding provided by the IReL Consortium.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "IReL Consortium (open-access fee)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/xylitol-for-teeth.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11213697/" }, { "id": "BARNES2005", "first_author": "Barnes CM", "title": "Comparison of irrigation to floss as an adjunct to tooth brushing: effect on bleeding, gingivitis, and supragingival plaque", "journal": "J Clin Dent", "year": 2005, "doi": "", "pmid": "16305005", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "105 enrolled, 95 completed", "duration": "28 days", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "UNMC College of Dentistry, Lincoln, NE, USA.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16305005/", "used_on": [ "/do-water-flossers-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16305005/" }, { "id": "ROSEMA2011", "first_author": "Rosema NA", "title": "The effect of different interdental cleaning devices on gingival bleeding", "journal": "J Int Acad Periodontol", "year": 2011, "doi": "", "pmid": "21387981", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "108 adults", "duration": "4 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21387981/", "used_on": [ "/do-water-flossers-work.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21387981/" }, { "id": "JDR2024", "first_author": "Zhang Y", "title": "Tongue-coating microbial and metabolic characteristics in halitosis", "journal": "J Dent Res", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/00220345241230067", "pmid": "38623900", "design": "cross-sectional", "topic": "bad breath", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38623900/", "used_on": [ "/bad-breath-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345241230067" }, { "id": "POPA2025", "first_author": "Popa M", "title": "Salivary flow, tongue-coating burden, and morning breath odor: a cross-sectional study", "journal": "J Clin Med", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/jcm14176072", "pmid": "40943831", "design": "cross-sectional", "topic": "bad breath", "n": "92 young adults", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"The Article Processing Charge (APC) was covered by ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara. No external funding was received for the conduct of this research.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared (the university paid the publication fee)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/bad-breath-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12429643/" }, { "id": "ATTIN2004", "first_author": "Attin T", "title": "Brushing abrasion of softened and remineralised dentin: an in situ study", "journal": "Caries Res", "year": 2004, "doi": "10.1159/000073922", "pmid": "14684979", "design": "in situ", "topic": "erosion", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684979/", "used_on": [ "/enamel-erosion-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000073922" }, { "id": "OTOOLE2017", "first_author": "O’Toole S", "title": "Timing of dietary acid intake and erosive tooth wear: a case-control study", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2016.11.005", "pmid": "27856311", "design": "case-control", "topic": "erosion", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/enamel-erosion-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.11.005" }, { "id": "FERN2024", "first_author": "Fernández CE", "title": "Should we wait to brush our teeth? A scoping review regarding dental caries and erosive tooth wear", "journal": "Caries Res", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1159/000538862", "pmid": "38621371", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "erosion", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38621371/", "used_on": [ "/enamel-erosion-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000538862" }, { "id": "HEAD2017", "first_author": "Head D", "title": "In silico modelling to differentiate the contribution of sugar frequency versus total amount in driving biofilm dysbiosis in dental caries", "journal": "Sci Rep", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-17660-z", "pmid": "29234121", "design": "laboratory", "topic": "sugar", "n": "— (computational model)", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Acknowledgements: \"This work was funded by the School of Computing, University of Leeds, United Kingdom and the School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funding bodies.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "University of Leeds (School of Computing and School of Dentistry)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/can-teeth-remineralise.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5727185/" }, { "id": "KAPIL2013", "first_author": "Kapil V", "title": "Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral bacteria in blood pressure control", "journal": "Free Radic Biol Med", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.013", "pmid": "23183324", "design": "cohort", "topic": "mouthwash", "n": "19 healthy volunteers", "duration": "7-day control period, 7-day mouthwash period", "funding_statement": "Acknowledgments: \"This work forms part of the research themes contributing to the translational research portfolio of the National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry. V.K., V.P., and this work are supported by the British Heart Foundation. J.O.L. and E.W. have received grants from the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation, Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Vinnova (CIDaT), and EU’s 6th Framework Program (Flaviola). A.A., J.O.L., and E.W. are all directors of Heartbeet Ltd.\"", "competing_interests": "No statement in the paper", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "British Heart Foundation; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (per the acknowledgments)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/is-mouthwash-bad-for-you.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3605573/" }, { "id": "ACEVES2020", "first_author": "Aceves Argemí R", "title": "Mouthwash with alcohol and oral carcinogenesis: systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Evid Based Dent Pract", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101407", "pmid": "32473798", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "mouthwash", "n": "14 articles (11 case-control, 3 clinical)", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/is-mouthwash-bad-for-you.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101407" }, { "id": "GUG2025", "first_author": "Gugnani N", "title": "Do we have enough evidence to recommend hydroxyapatite toothpaste for preventing dental caries?", "journal": "Evid Based Dent", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41432-025-01123-w", "pmid": "39984606", "design": "commentary", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/hydroxyapatite-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-025-01123-w" }, { "id": "CHATZ2025", "first_author": "Chatzidimitriou K", "title": "The role of hydroxyapatite-based, fluoride-free toothpastes on the prevention and the remineralization of initial caries lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105691", "pmid": "40107597", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "4 of 68 retrieved studies", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/hydroxyapatite-toothpaste.html", "/hydroxyapatite-vs-fluoride-for-kids.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105691" }, { "id": "WONG2026", "first_author": "Wong AJ", "title": "Navigating fluoride hesitancy: mapping the evidence base for fluoride-free toothpaste alternatives", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s00431-026-07176-y", "pmid": "42315717", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "122 studies, 20 with direct paediatric evidence", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"No external funding was received to support this work.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/hydroxyapatite-toothpaste.html", "/hydroxyapatite-vs-fluoride-for-kids.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13279590/" }, { "id": "LIME2021", "first_author": "Limeback H", "title": "Biomimetic hydroxyapatite and caries prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "Can J Dent Hyg", "year": 2021, "doi": "", "pmid": "34925515", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "No funding statement in the paper", "competing_interests": "No statement in the paper", "funder_type": "manufacturer-employed authors", "funder_name": "Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG", "funder_type_basis": "affiliation (PubMed)", "affiliations_readable": "Senior scientist, Oral care, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Bielefeld, Germany (Enax J; Meyer F)", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8641555/", "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8641555/" }, { "id": "LIME2023", "first_author": "Limeback H", "title": "Clinical evidence of biomimetic hydroxyapatite in oral care products for reducing dentin hypersensitivity: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "Biomimetics (Basel)", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/biomimetics8010023", "pmid": "36648809", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "hydroxyapatite", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"This research received no external funding.\"", "competing_interests": "\"J.E. and F.M. are senior scientists and employees of Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG in Germany.\"", "funder_type": "manufacturer-employed authors", "funder_name": "Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG", "funder_type_basis": "competing-interests statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-dentists-recommend-hydroxyapatite.html", "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9844412/" }, { "id": "ALMO2024", "first_author": "AlMoharib HS", "title": "The effectiveness of water jet flossing and interdental flossing for oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances: a randomized clinical trial", "journal": "BMC Oral Health", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1186/s12903-024-04166-0", "pmid": "", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"This study was funded by the Saudi Society of Periodontology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Saudi Society of Periodontology", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-024-04166-0" }, { "id": "MASOOD2026", "first_author": "Masood Z", "title": "The effects of using water flosser versus interdental brush on gingival health in patients with mandibular bonded retainer — a randomized controlled trial", "journal": "BMC Oral Health", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1186/s12903-026-08233-6", "pmid": "", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "—", "duration": "6 months", "funding_statement": "Funding: \"Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.\" Acknowledgements: \"We would like to acknowledge department of surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, for funding the study.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Aga Khan University Hospital, Department of Surgery", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-026-08233-6" }, { "id": "ZAREI2024", "first_author": "Zarei Z", "title": "The effectiveness of oral irrigators on periodontal health status and oral hygiene of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "BMC Oral Health", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1186/s12903-024-05255-w", "pmid": "", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "7 trials", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "\"Have no financial or non- financial support.\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no competing interests.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-024-05255-w" }, { "id": "SAHIN2026", "first_author": "Şahin E", "title": "Clinical and biochemical evaluation of oral irrigator effectiveness in fixed orthodontic treatment: a randomised clinical trial", "journal": "Int J Dent Hyg", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/idh.70087", "pmid": "42120952", "design": "RCT", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "30 patients", "duration": "8 weeks", "funding_statement": "Research funding: \"Ondokuz Mayis Üniversitesi. Grant Number: PYO.DIŞ.1904.18.006\"", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Ondokuz Mayis University", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/idh.70087" }, { "id": "YIAM2026", "first_author": "Yiamwattana I", "title": "Oral irrigator versus dental floss in orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "Int J Dent Hyg", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/idh.70024", "pmid": "41331619", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "water flosser", "n": "4 trials", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "No funding statement in the paper", "competing_interests": "\"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-16", "source_url_for_statement": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/idh.70024" }, { "id": "MARTINS2020", "first_author": "Martins CC", "title": "Desensitizing Toothpastes for Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Network Meta-analysis", "journal": "J Dent Res", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1177/0022034520903036", "pmid": "32037944", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "125 RCTs, 12,541 patients", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Family Medicine; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Science, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil. | Department of Clinical, Pathology and Oral Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. | Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32037944/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520903036" }, { "id": "HU2018", "first_author": "Hu ML", "title": "Effect of desensitizing toothpastes on dentine hypersensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.012", "pmid": "29787782", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "53 RCTs, 4,796 patients", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: linhong611@163.com.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29787782/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.012" }, { "id": "HU2019", "first_author": "Hu ML", "title": "Network meta-analysis on the effect of desensitizing toothpastes on dentine hypersensitivity", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.008", "pmid": "31325467", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "30 RCTs", "duration": "2, 4 and 8 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. | Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Dental Materials Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. Electronic address: dentalhan@126.com.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31325467/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html", "/sensitive-teeth-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.008" }, { "id": "BAE2015", "first_author": "Bae JH", "title": "Desensitizing toothpaste versus placebo for dentin hypersensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Clin Periodontol", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1111/jcpe.12347", "pmid": "25483802", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "31 RCTs", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Conflict of interest and source of funding statement: \"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this study. No external funding was available for this study.\"", "competing_interests": "Conflict of interest and source of funding statement: \"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this study. No external funding was available for this study.\"", "funder_type": "none declared", "funder_name": "none declared", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpe.12347" }, { "id": "POULSEN2006", "first_author": "Poulsen S", "title": "Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2006, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD001476.pub2", "pmid": "16855970", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "6 trials in the meta-analysis", "duration": "6 to 8 weeks", "funding_statement": "\"Internal sources: Royal Dental College, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Denmark. External sources: No sources of support supplied\"", "competing_interests": "\"One of the review authors, Sven Poulsen (SP), was rewarded a prize from Zendium Inc., Denmark in 1997.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "Royal Dental College, University of Aarhus (internal source)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7028007/" }, { "id": "ALENCAR2019", "first_author": "de Melo Alencar C", "title": "Clinical efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite in dentin hypersensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.014", "pmid": "30611773", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "6 RCTs", "duration": "4 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil. | School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil. | School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil. | School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. | School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil. Electronic address: cecymsilva@gmail.com. | School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30611773/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.014" }, { "id": "SHARIF2013", "first_author": "Sharif MO", "title": "Effectiveness of arginine-containing toothpastes in treating dentine hypersensitivity: a systematic review", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2013.01.009", "pmid": "23376174", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "—", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. mohammad.sharif@manchester.ac.uk", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23376174/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.01.009" }, { "id": "WEST1997", "first_author": "West NX", "title": "Dentine hypersensitivity and the placebo response. A comparison of the effect of strontium acetate, potassium nitrate and fluoride toothpastes", "journal": "J Clin Periodontol", "year": 1997, "doi": "10.1111/j.1600-051x.1997.tb01833.x", "pmid": "9144042", "design": "RCT", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "120 subjects, 112 completed", "duration": "6 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Department of Restorative Dentistry (Periodontology), Bristol Dental School, UK.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9144042/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb01833.x" }, { "id": "HIRSIGER2019", "first_author": "Hirsiger C", "title": "Efficacy of 8% arginine on dentin hypersensitivity: A multicenter clinical trial in 273 patients over 24 weeks", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2019.01.002", "pmid": "30710652", "design": "RCT", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "297 randomised, 273 completed", "duration": "24 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 33, 8032, Zürich Switzerland. Electronic address: constanze.hirsiger@zzm.uzh.ch. | Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 33, 8032, Zürich Switzerland. Electronic address: patrick.schmidlin@zzm.uzh.ch. | Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, Magdeburger Strasse 16, 06120, Halle, Germany. Electronic address: mary.michaelis@uk-halle.de. | Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University School of Dentistry, Liebigstraße 10 - 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: kizhk@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. | Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 33, 8032, Zürich Switzerland. Electronic address: thomas.attin@zzm.uzh.ch. | Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Ludwigstrasse 33, 80539, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: christian.heumann@stat.uni-muenchen.de. | Univ Clermont Auvergne, UFR d'Odontologie; Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique EA 4847, Rue de Braga 2, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand; CHU Estaing Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Hôtel-, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: sophie.domejean@uca.fr. | Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, Magdeburger Strasse 16, 06120, Halle, Germany. Electronic address: christian.gernhardt@uk-halle.de.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30710652/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.01.002" }, { "id": "FU2010", "first_author": "Fu Y", "title": "Instant dentin hypersensitivity relief of a new desensitizing dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, a high cleaning calcium carbonate system and 1450 ppm fluoride: a 3-day clinical study in Chengdu, China", "journal": "Am J Dent", "year": 2010, "doi": "", "pmid": "21284248", "design": "RCT", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "122 subjects", "duration": "single application, then 3 days", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "The Key State Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21284248/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html", "/sensitive-teeth-causes.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21284248/" }, { "id": "KAPFERER2013", "first_author": "Kapferer I", "title": "Instant dentin hypersensitivity relief of a single topical application of an in-office desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate: a split-mouth, randomized-controlled study", "journal": "Acta Odontol Scand", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.3109/00016357.2012.741701", "pmid": "23140517", "design": "RCT", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "30 subjects, 60 teeth", "duration": "12 weeks", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Declaration of interest: \"The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.\"", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Department of Restorative and Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. ines.kapferer@gmx.net", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23140517/", "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/00016357.2012.741701" }, { "id": "MARTINS2022", "first_author": "Martins CC", "title": "Formulations of desensitizing toothpastes for dentin hypersensitivity: a scoping review", "journal": "J Appl Oral Sci", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0410", "pmid": "35262559", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "sensitivity", "n": "138 RCTs", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Funding: \"CCM received a postdoctoral fellowship from CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Educational Personnel, Ministry of Education, Brazil, process #88881.119166/2016-01), during her post-doctoral studies at McMaster University. RTF was supported by CAPES. JJR was supported by a PhD training award from the NCMIC Foundation.\"", "competing_interests": "Conflict of interest: \"The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest regarding the authorship and/or publication of this article.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "CAPES (Brazilian Ministry of Education); NCMIC Foundation", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/sensitive-teeth-toothpaste.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8908863/" }, { "id": "EACH2018", "first_author": "Eachempati P", "title": "Home-based chemically-induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD006202.pub2", "pmid": "30562408", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "whitening", "n": "71 trials; 26 against placebo (1,398 participants)", "duration": "2 weeks to 6 months", "funding_statement": "Internal sources: \"Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka‐Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Melaka Campus, Malaysia.\" External sources: \"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. This project was supported by the NIHR, via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Oral Health. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the review authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Systematic Reviews Programme, the NIHR, the NHS or the Department of Health. Cochrane Oral Health Global Alliance, Other. The production of Cochrane Oral Health reviews has been supported financially by our Global Alliance since 2011 (oralhealth.cochrane.org/partnerships‐alliances). Contributors over the past year have been the American Association of Public Health Dentistry, USA; AS‐Akademie, Germany; the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, UK; the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, UK; the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association, Canada; the Centre for Dental Education and Research at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; the National Center for Dental Hygiene Research & Practice, USA; New York University College of Dentistry, USA; NHS Education for Scotland, UK; and the Swiss Society for Endodontology, Switzerland.\"", "competing_interests": "Declarations of interest: \"Prashanti Eachempati: none known. Sumanth Kumbargere Nagraj: none known. Salian Kiran Kumar Krishanappa: none known. Puneet Gupta: none known. Ibrahim Ethem Yaylali: none known.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "NIHR (UK), via Cochrane infrastructure funding; Cochrane Oral Health Global Alliance", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-whitening-strips-damage-enamel.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6517292/" }, { "id": "MARTON2026", "first_author": "Márton P", "title": "Enamel damage from tooth-whitening- a systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106786", "pmid": "42176771", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "whitening", "n": "81 eligible laboratory studies; 9 pooled", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. | Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. | Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. | Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. | Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. | Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: abram.emese@semmelweis.hu.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42176771/", "used_on": [ "/do-whitening-strips-damage-enamel.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42176771/" }, { "id": "BARBOSA2024", "first_author": "Barbosa LMM", "title": "Over-the-counter products in tooth bleaching: A scoping review", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104989", "pmid": "38582435", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "whitening", "n": "88 studies", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. | Nova Esperança School (Facene), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. | Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. | Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. | ATITUS Educação, Meridional Faculty, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. | Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Electronic address: renally.lima@academico.ufpb.br.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38582435/", "used_on": [ "/do-whitening-strips-damage-enamel.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38582435/" }, { "id": "WANG2015", "first_author": "Wang Y", "title": "Evaluation of the efficacy of potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride as desensitizing agents during tooth bleaching treatment—A systematic review and meta-analysis", "journal": "J Dent", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.jdent.2015.03.015", "pmid": "25913140", "design": "meta-analysis", "topic": "whitening", "n": "RCTs (number not given in the abstract)", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "competing_interests": "Statement not readable (paywalled)", "funder_type": "not stated", "funder_name": "not stated", "funder_type_basis": "none available", "affiliations_readable": "The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237# Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430079, China. | The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237# Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: dryizhou@whu.edu.cn. | Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.", "affiliations_source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25913140/", "used_on": [ "/do-whitening-strips-damage-enamel.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25913140/" }, { "id": "BORUGA2025", "first_author": "Boruga M", "title": "Hydrogen Peroxide-Free Color Correctors for Tooth Whitening in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and Clinical Evidence", "journal": "Dent J (Basel)", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/dj13080346", "pmid": "40863049", "design": "systematic review", "topic": "whitening", "n": "6 studies: 1 clinical trial, 5 laboratory", "duration": "—", "funding_statement": "Funding: \"The article processing charge was paid by the “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara.\"", "competing_interests": "Conflicts of Interest: \"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara (article processing charge)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-whitening-strips-damage-enamel.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12384575/" }, { "id": "GRILLON2023", "first_author": "Grillon M", "title": "In Vitro Evaluation of Tooth-Whitening Potential of Peroxide-Free OTC Dental Bleaching Agents", "journal": "Dent J (Basel)", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/dj11040089", "pmid": "37185467", "design": "laboratory", "topic": "whitening", "n": "80 bovine incisors", "duration": "up to 200 minutes of product exposure", "funding_statement": "Funding: \"No grant was received for this study; the products were purchased and paid for by our division (Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland).\"", "competing_interests": "Conflicts of Interest: \"The authors declare no conflict of interest.\"", "funder_type": "public/charity", "funder_name": "University of Geneva (the authors’ own division)", "funder_type_basis": "funding statement", "affiliations_readable": null, "affiliations_source_url": null, "used_on": [ "/do-whitening-strips-damage-enamel.html" ], "statement_read_on": "2026-09-23", "source_url_for_statement": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10137231/" } ]